The Art And Result Of Communication Essay Example For Students

The Art And Result Of Communication Essay Communication is a two-way process or dialogue that involves the sender relaying a message, through a communication medium or channel, to the receiver of the message. Two parties are attempting to share meanings and relate to them in the same manner; in this way communication will be successful. The end result of communication is that it must bring out a response and change behavior. The most important factor is for the sender to communicate his/her ideas clearly and for the receiver to listen with understanding. We communicate every day with almost everyone around us. Messages can be sent to others by two ways of communicating, verbally and non verbally. Most of the verbal communication is from one individual to another. This is true in a family, social, or a work setting. One-on-one verbal communication affords the greatest opportunity for precise communication, because immediate feedback from the receiver can tell whether the message has been understood accurately. However, communicating effectively involves more than just accuracy. The purpose of most communication is to influence the attitudes and behaviors of those whom we address. We will write a custom essay on The Art And Result Of Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since the human race is composed of billions of individuals, each with a different way of responding, no one approach is universally effective. It is therefore important to learn to express ones self accurately and in a way that will accomplish the purpose toward the individual being addressed. (Lewis Slade 2000) The importance of non verbal communication is obvious in the fact that it is used in the majority of human communication. The fact that non verbal communication is more important than any other form of communication is due to the emotional information it conveys, which is otherwise usually controlled or concealed. Thus, human beings base their feelings and emotional responses not so much on what another person says, but upon what another person does. In fact, it is estimated that the impact of non verbal communication on a messages meaning can be as high as 93%. Both types of communication are important when a group is working together. There are three things needed to make a group: a common goal, at least three people, and influences by and influence to others. When we all work together in order to achieve a desirable goal, we exhibit interdependence. The goal is unattainable without the cooperation of group members, so we depend on each other for success. Success is not defined individually but in terms of the group. Cooperative goals can be reinforced by an interdependent division of labor and resources within a group. Groups will probably outperform individuals when certain conditions exist (Forsyth, 1990; Pavitt Curtis, 1994). When the task requires a wide range and variety of information and skills, groups tend to be superior to any individual. One group study found that the group scored significantly higher than its highest scoring member (Stasson Bradshaw, 1995). This was achieved by pooling knowledge; when the highest-scoring member didnt know the answer to a question, another member typically knew the answer to that specific question. Thus, the group benefitted because members had overlapping knowledge. Besides pooling knowledge, another reason groups outperform individuals when the task is comprehensive is the group remembering phenomenon or collective recall of information. Also, groups outperform individuals when both the group and any individual compared are without expertise on the task. None of us are as smart as all of us (Johnson Johnson, 1987). This is when synergy is used. Synergy happens when the joint action of the group members produces performance that exceeds the expectations based on perceived abilities of skills of individual members. There can also be a negative synergy; which happens when the joint action of group members produces a worse result than expected based on perceived individuals abilities of skills of members. .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 , .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .postImageUrl , .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 , .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:hover , .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:visited , .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:active { border:0!important; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:active , .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496 .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec7642d5e573ce7a3710883a63e30496:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Swimming History EssayGroup size has a very large effect on the results a group produces. When the group size is increased: complexity, factionalism, information distortion, quality decision making, difficulties achieving a consensus are all increased. When group size is decreased the following increase: participation in group discussions, pressure to conform, member satisfaction, access to information, the flow of negative information to the top, and speed of decision making. All decision making groups have both a task dimension and a social dimension. The task dimension is the work performed by the group. The social dimension is the relationships that form between members in the group and their impact on the whole. In a corporation, if the boss is only concerned with the task dimension and ignores the social dimension of his workers it creates a problem. Too much attention to productivity can diminish cohesiveness by producing stress and conflict. Productivity is the result of the efficient and effective accomplishment of a group task. Cohesiveness is the degree to which members feel a part of the group and are committed to each other. A group will establish rules or standards called norms. Norms define appropriate behavior in specified situations. They stipulate what a person must do (obligation), ought to do (preference), or must not do (prohibition) in order to achieve certain goals. (Smith, 1982) There are two types of norms, explicit and implicit. Explicit norms are rules that are written down. They are clearly understood by each member of the group. Implicit norms are implied rules. They are rules we already know without having to talk about them or explain them. The main purpose of norms is to achieve group goals. The norming process takes place almost immediately after groups are formed. Members cast out trying to determine what behavior will be acceptable and what will be unacceptable. There are three principle sources of norms in small groups: some norms are from systems outside the small group, the influence of a single member, and the group itself. Each group member has a different role. A group role is the pattern of behavior expected of a group member. There are two types of roles, formal and informal. A formal role is a position assigned by an organization or is specially designated by the group leader. An informal role emerges from the groups transactions and it emphasizes functions not positions. A group members role is usually decided when the group is initially formed. What may have began as a casual or unnoticed pattern my quickly develop into an expectation. Norms and roles from the basic structure of a group. The relative importance, prestige, or power held by a particular role is its role status. Structure is the systematic interrelation of all parts of the whole. Structure provides form and shape for a group. Norms designate appropriate behavior for all group members while roles stipulate how particular group members should behave. A norm for a group might be that every member works hard on all tasks. Roles, however, specify different task behaviors for a manager and a worker (Johns Sline, 2005). The effects of roles on perceptions can be seen in a dramatic way by doing a role reversal, which is stepping into a role distinctly different from or opposite of a role we usually play. The effects of roles can be seen in another way. When we find ourselves playing roles in different groups that contradict each other, we experience role conflict. Some group members take the role of being a social loafer. Social loafing can suck the energy from a group. Social loafing is the tendency of individual group members to reduce their work effort as groups increase in size. Social loafing has been observed in groups working on a variety of tasks, among both males and females, people of all ages, and in many different cultures (Forsyth, 1999). Social loafing is more common in an individualist culture such as the United States than it is in collectivists cultures such as Taiwan, Singapore, China, and other Asian countries. Several steps can be taken to address the problem of social loafing. .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece , .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .postImageUrl , .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece , .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:hover , .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:visited , .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:active { border:0!important; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:active , .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f6cb8870a93bf6926407e779ae56ece:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ray Bradburys Outlook Of The F EssayEstablish a group responsibility norm; emphasize individual responsibility. Note the critical importance of each members effort; tell all members that their individual effort is special. Hold members accountable; provide each member with a specific task. Talk to the individual privately; the first three steps attempt to prevent loafing. This step calls for a leader to approach the loafer. Confront the loafer as a group. Consult a higher power; consult a supervisor, teacher, or someone with greater authority than the group members. Boot out the loafers; this is the last resort. While working in groups we form relationships. The dictionary defines relationship as the mode in which two or more things stand to one another. This may be true but physical and economical relationships doesnt tell us much that is useful about interpersonal communication. Interpersonal relationships involve the way people deal with one another socially. Why do we form relationships? Sometimes we establish personal relationships because we find others attractive in one way or another. Some reasons why we are attracted to others are: appearance (appearance is especially important in the early stages of a relationship), similarity and complementarity (we like people who are similar to us), reciprocal attraction (we like people who like us), competence (we like to be around talented people), disclosure (we develop relationships by revealing important information about ourselves) and proximity (we are likely to develop relationships with people we interact with frequently). Emotion plays a large part in the way we communicate and what we communicate about. When a person has strong emotions, many bodily changes occur. For example, the physical components of fear include an increased heart rate, a rise in blood pressure, an increase in adrenalin secretions, an elevated blood sugar level, a slowing of digestion, and a dilation of pupils. Emotions are like colors: some are simple, whereas others are blends. Robert Plutchiks emotion wheel illustrates the difference. For example, jealousy can be viewed as a combination of several different emotions: distress, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, and even shame. Likewise, loneliness can include feelings of anger toward self and others, estrangement, and depression. Plutchik has identified eight primary emotions, which are listed inside the wheel. He suggests that these primary emotions can combine to form mixed emotions, some of which are listed outside the wheel ( Johns Sline, 2005). For communication to have meaning it must have a life. It must transcend you and me and become us. . . . In a small way we then grow out of our old selves and become something new. -Hugh Prather.

Interview Project Proposal Essay Example

Interview Project Proposal Essay Example Interview Project Proposal Essay Interview Project Proposal Essay Class: CJ100: Eight Skills of the Effective CJ Student Unit: 4 Souces:http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Security_guard Souces: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police_officer | Interview Project Proposal| | Police officer| Interview Project Proposal Police officer 1 Name: Vince Ventrone Job: police officer at the Jacksonville sheriff office (for 20years) 2 Name: Steven Mungan Job: swc officer (also a police officer) The reason I choose these people is it has the only people that come close to what I going to do. It was the only people I could find. I called the police stations and no one would call me back. Everyone I talk to said there not allowed to talking about their jobs because they were scared to lose jobs. Due to all the budgets cuts. In Jacksonville Florida they are laying off like crazy. There are no jobs. I had a really hard time finding anyone. Lucky we have a security guard that works in are commit. The second one is him he was really nice and he is going to let me interview him. The first choice is someone my grandpa knows and he is a police officer. I will not be allowed to ask anything about the job layoffs or budgets cuts. But I can ask him about his personal relation to his job. security guard: is a person who is paid to protect property, assets, or people. Security guards are usually privately and formally employed personnel. Often, security officers are uniformed and act to protect property by maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions, observing (either directly, through patrols, or by watching alarm systems or video cameras) for signs of crime, fire or disorder; then taking action and reporting any incidents to their client and emergency services as appropriate. Police officer: Responsibilities of a police officer are varied, and may differ greatly from within one political context to another. Typical duties relate to keeping the peace, law enforcement, protection of persons and property, and the investigation of crimes. Officers are expected to respond to a variety of situations that may arise while they are on duty. Rules and guidelines dictate how an officer should behave within the community, and in many contexts restrictions are placed on what the uniformed officer wears. In some countries, rules and procedures dictate that a police officer is obliged to intervene in a criminal incident, even if they are off-duty. Questions I am going to ask. 1What were the Reasons for Choosing the Career? 2How many years have you been in the criminal justice field? 3What kind of Education and Training have you had? If any what Licensing and Certification do you have? 4What do you think is the best way to handling crime in our area? 5Have you ever been in a very life threading situation? Explain. 6what is the worst thing you have ever been through as an officer? 7Any memorable experiences you have had as a police officer? 8 Do they plan on being a Police officer the rest of your life? 9 What do you think of the stereotypes in regards to Police officers? 10 In your eyes what is wrong with the criminal justice system today? 11 how do you think we could fix it? 12 What would you have done if you hadnt of became a police officer? 13 What is a typical day like a police officer? 4 do your line of work cause tension in your home life? If so Explain 15 What do you like most and least about your job? 16 How often, if at all, are you required to attend training session? 17 How dangerous is your work? 18 What is the most recent skill you have learned that related to your job? 19 What are top 3 skills for Police officer? 20 Tell me about your last position and what you did? 21 what would you tell your kids if they want to be a police officer like you what would you tell them? Wh y? 2 Where would you like to be in 3 years? 5 years? 23 How to does your position task/function? 24 what motivated you to do your best as a police officer? 25 what is your greatest weakness? 26 do you consider yourself successful? Why? 27 if you had enough money to retire right now would you? Why? 28 what is more important to you money or helping people? Why? 29 have you learned from mistakes on the job? Details 30 do you prefer to work independently or on a team? Why? 31 how would you describe your work style?